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I had John Keay's book, The Great Arc, for Christmas. It is about the surveying of India 1803-1850. George Everest had a differential counter built for his perambulator (ie surveyor's wheel). You can see a picture of it, --you probably will need to enter everest into the database search form given by the link. I will try and drop into the museum in Oxford later this week to have a close up look. The caption implies that it counts the wheel rotations giving a resolution of one thousandth of a mile.
I went to the museum in Oxford yesterday to view mechanism of the measuring wheel or waywiser as they called them in 1833 when it was designed by Everest for use in India. It was hard to photo without flash in a glass cabinet.



click for large image

Clever use of a worm driving two gears one with 60 teeth and one with 59, gives a differential rotation of the two plates carrying the scales. Notice that the device could probably be read to about one foot (ie one fifth of the divisions on the thousandths scale). The lower scale rolls over after 6 miles. So it is rather like the Jones counter 140 years later, a little less precise and harder to read, but I am sure it served well during the survey for approximate measurements. The surveyor's wheel to which it was attached would be 8.8 feet in circumference, rather more than our bike wheels today.
At the LDS Church History Museum in Salt Lake City they have a covered wagon fitted with a device, apparently designed by Brigham Young, that counts the miles the wagon traveled.

I remember the device used a number of wooden gears that eventually reduced the number of revolutions of one of the wheels to a meter which recorded the distance traveled in miles.

Wish I remembered more about it. I was kind of fascinated by it the first time I saw it, but it's now been a couple of years since I was last out there to hit the slopes.

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