https://measure.infopop.cc/eve/...024070787#3024070787
The article does not address hairpin turns (with a single cone), but may be of interest. Perhaps, one could extrapolate the effect of a hairpin turn from the data on the various turn radii.
In 2007, Ron Daniel (the current USATF RW Chairman) wrote:
quote:When the 2m radius turn was proposed, we calculated that a 1hr 20min 20k walker would need to lean-in at a 41.5 degree angle in order to maintain his speed; more than 2 ½ times the lean-in angle for the sprinter. During the test event, many walkers were leaning-in at 20 degrees. (Fig 2.) Even so, with a 2m-radius turn and 20 degree lean the walker will still loose valuable time in each turn. During the 20k on the Osaka course there were 17 turns which would result in a loss of 18.5 sec for the 1:20 pace walker and 12 sec for a 1:30 pace walker. This information was instrumental in having the LOC increase the turn radii.
Thank you. -- Justin